Blog Layout

Central Sensitisation and Exercise

Feb 20, 2024

What is Central Sensitisation?


Central sensitisation (CS) is a condition of the nervous system that is associated with the development and maintenance of chronic pain. CS can present as pain away from the site of injury, widespread and referred pain, pain that can come and go, pain from non-painful stimuli and mechanical allodynia (pain from stimuli that is not normally painful). Accumulating research suggests that CS is also driven by neuroinflammation in the nervous systems. Neuroinflammation can result from major surgeries, drug treatments, autoimmune disease, and other pain related conditions or injuries. Neuroinflammation can also result in adverse effects, such as chronic pain and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis and stroke.

 

The Role of Exercise in Central Sensitisation:


Exercise plays a big part in improving CS. Regular physical activity can help reduce pain sensitivity and regulate the stress response of the body. It has an expansive influence on peripheral health and function, and by activating the relevant neural pathways, exercise also improves numerous disorders of the central nervous system. Plus, exercise can improve sleep quality, mood and overall well-being, all of which can have a positive impact on CS.  Introducing exercise to someone with CS requires a gradual and individualised approach. Starting with lower impact activities such as walking, swimming and yoga can avoid triggering pain or discomfort. The intensity and duration can be gradually increased, and exercise consistency is key.


Inter-Limb Strength Transfer, a Fascinating Concept!


When you train or exercise one side of your body, such as your non-dominant hand or leg, there can be a transfer of skills and strength to the opposite side to a degree. This means that even though you're focusing on one side, the benefits can extend to the other side as well. For an individual with CS that affects one limb or part of the body, the concept of working on your un-affected side, can actually improve strength and coordination in the affected side and reduce the decree of atrophy in inactive muscles. This effect has the strongest evidence when completing 3-5 sets of 8-15 repetitions of eccentric contractions with rest times of 1-2 minutes between sets.


References:

  • Ru-Rong Ji, Andrea Nackley, Yul Huh, Niccolò Terrando, and William Maixner (2018) Neuroinflammation and central sensitization in chronic and widespread pain.
  • Rafel Cirer-Sastre, Jose V Beltrán-Garrido, Francisco Corbi (2017) Contralateral effects of unilateral strength training: a meta-analysis comparing training loads.
  • Jadwiga N Bilchak, Guillaume Caron, Marie-Pascale Côté (2021) Exercise-Induced Plasticity in Signalling Pathways Involved in Motor Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury
10 May, 2024
“Failure is a bend in the road, not the end of the road. Learn from failure and keep moving forward.” Roy T. Bennett Hypothetically, if I asked you to move to the other side of the country, to a new landscape, new work environment, and to the unknown, what would your answer be? In August 2023, I answered “F**k, yes”, and I want to take you through a journey of learnings, maturity, and growth that only saying “yes” can get you. Fast forward to the 15 th of October 2023, after packing a sea container with belongings, selling my car, and booking a one-way flight to Brisbane, Queensland, I was set. With all the back-end tasks out of the way, I was taking off to what was about to become the most uncomfortable (and horrifying) period of my life. Different city, different lifestyle unfamiliar people, even more unfamiliar landscapes, more responsibility, more opportunities. These were the thoughts rushing through my head while on a one-way trip to my next chapter. And it didn’t take long before the wheels were turning, and I was finding my feet, well, only as quickly as one can after venturing into their uncomfortable. I was thrusted into a new and exciting work environment, with an opportunity to build brand and self-awareness in a new state and legislation. I very quickly realised that I was so far out of my comfort zone, that I wasn’t even sure what zone I was in anymore. “Where do I start? What do I do? Who do I speak to?” Are all rationale thoughts to have, and looking back now, I can safely say that I felt out of my depth, lost, and overwhelmed with the road ahead. Through the motion of failure, and my not so successful trials, I have become far more resilient, confident, mature, I have learnt not to fear rejection but embrace it, I have adopted a mindset where “no” is a conversation starter, not a finisher. Through all this my ability to treat clinically, build relationships, and produce positive outcomes has improved. The journey has been challenging, but so incredibly worth it. I am becoming more comfortable with the uncomfortable and I wouldn’t have changed a thing. Lachlan Simpson Workers Compensation Specialist (AEP, ESSAM) Exercise Rehabilitation Services ‑ QLD
By Alison Absolute Balance 24 Apr, 2024
The human body is designed to move in a three-dimensional plane divided into the following segments: Sagittal Plane: Cuts the body into left and right halves. Forward and backward movements. Frontal Plane: Cuts the body into front and back halves. Side to side movements. Transverse Plane: Cuts the body into top and bottom halves. Twisting/rotational movements. Too often we get caught training mostly in a sagittal plane, think running, squats, bicep curls etc. While these are all good exercises, in day-to-day life we don’t only move along a sagittal plane. What happens when you need to quickly get out of the way of the e-scooter flying towards you on the foot path or make a quick sidestep to avoid a pothole – these movements are along the frontal plane. While movements such as turning to check your blind spot while driving or turning to talk to the person next to us are in the transverse plane. When it comes to injury prevention and movement efficiency it is important to incorporate exercises from all planes of movement into training programs. Sagittal If a line ran down the middle of the body splitting it from left to right, movements parallel to this line are within the sagittal plane of movement. The sagittal plane is the most common plane of movement and is trained overwhelming more than the frontal and transverse planes of movement. Movements/exercises considered to be in the sagittal plane include running, squats, deadlifts and bicep curls. Now while all these exercises are good, with the way our lives having evolved into many desk sitting roles, driving from place to place etc, to then go to the gym and focus heavily on movements that are predominantly up – down, and forwards – backwards we can end up reinforcing these pathways and becoming somewhat robotic, heavily limiting our natural movements. Frontal If a line ran down the middle of the body splitting it into front and back, movements parallel to this line would be within the frontal plane of movement – essentially any movement that involves moving away from or towards the midline. Often neglected in strength programs, frontal plane exercises include Cossack squats, lateral lunges, and side raises. Transverse If a line split the body in half separating it into top and bottom with the pelvis being the point of division, any movement parallel to this line would be considered to be in the transverse plane of movement. Movement along/through a transverse plane is generally more rotational such as a Russian twist or trunk twist. By focussing largely on sagittal plane movements, we are risking developing muscle imbalances, limited mobility and uncoordinated movements in the neglected planes. Our body is designed to move on a 3-dimensional plane so make sure to train in a way that will allow it to move the way it’s supposed to. Katie McGrath Injury Prevention Specialist Injury Prevention Services
18 Apr, 2024
Stretching and mobility exercises are indispensable components of both injury prevention and recovery strategies. Incorporating dynamic stretches before physical activity can help prepare the body for movement by increasing blood flow to muscles and enhancing joint flexibility. This dynamic warm-up routine primes the muscles and connective tissues, reducing the risk of injury during subsequent activity. Furthermore, static stretches, performed after physical activity, helps alleviate muscle tension and improve flexibility, thereby minimizing the likelihood of strains and tears. In the realm of injury recovery, stretching and mobility exercises play a crucial role in rehabilitation protocols for individuals recuperating from various musculoskeletal injuries. Following an injury, muscles can become tight and weakened due to disuse or trauma. Gentle stretching exercises aid in maintaining or restoring flexibility, preventing muscle atrophy and contractures. Additionally, targeted mobility exercises assist in restoring range of motion and functional movement patterns, allowing individuals to gradually regain strength and flexibility while reducing the risk of re-injury. Moreover, stretching and mobility exercises promote tissue healing by improving circulation to the injured area. Increased blood flow delivers essential nutrients and oxygen to damaged tissues, facilitating the repair process and reducing inflammation. By incorporating a comprehensive stretching and mobility routine into their regimen, individuals not only safeguard themselves against future injuries but also expedite their recovery journey, enabling them to return to their activities with greater resilience and confidence. Mariah Adolphus Workers Compensation Specialist (AEP, ESSAM) Exercise Rehabilitation Services ‑ WA
More Posts
Share by: